Wednesday, 21 October 2009 01:34

Landing on Another Moon

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It’s in the Stars

It likely won’t generate the kind of global excitement that the moon landing did 40 years ago, but NASA researchers are just as eager to send an unmanned, nuclear-powered probe to the largest of Saturn’s 61 moons, Titan.

Unlike our moon, Titan actually has rain and lakes – but don’t make any plans to take a vacation there. The surface of Titan – which is about one and a half times the size of Earth’s moon -- is so frigid that the lakes and rain clouds are not made of water, but of liquid methane and ethane, which normally are gases on Earth. How cold does it have to be for methane or ethane to be liquid? Consider this: If it’s any warmer than minus-259 degrees Fahrenheit, liquid methane will boil into gas. Any hotter than minus-127, ethane will boil. Temperatures on Titan average about minus-290 degrees F.

So, with a toxic atmosphere and temperatures too cold to even think about, what exactly is NASA looking for? After all, there’s no chance of life in these conditions, at least nothing remotely like that on Earth.

The point of the mission, actually, is in the going – to see if a spacecraft can successfully land in an extraterrestrial lake, whether it’s of water or some other liquid.

"We got funded to look at the possibility of sending a lake-lander to Titan," said Ellen Stofan, a geologist with Proxemy Research in Maryland. "Scientifically, it's sort of a beyond obvious thing to do."

NASA plans to send three probes in its Titan Saturn System Mission.

The probe won’t be the first Earth visitor to Titan. In 2005, NASA's Cassini spacecraft successfully dropped a parachute-fitted European probe -- named after Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens who discovered Titan in 1655 through a new invention, the telescope -- onto the frigid surface.

"It's very cold, but the technological challenges aren't as big as you might think," Stofan said.  "Landing in liquid is a lot more forgiving than on land."

Last modified on Monday, 22 March 2010 21:01

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